Sanctions refer to penalties or restrictions imposed by governments, international bodies, or regulatory authorities on individuals, entities, or countries. These measures are levied to deter illegal activities, such as terrorism, human rights violations, or nuclear proliferation, and promote compliance with laws and regulations. They can include trade embargoes, removal of diplomatic ties, and financial restrictions.

Sanctions restrictions can be applied to entire states, like North Korea, or individuals and companies, as seen in Russia-related sanctions.